Well, you seem to be American, so I'm assuming you want info on American political parties, so here goes:
There are two main political parties in the USA, the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. There are also numerous smaller ones, such as the Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA) and the Libertarian Party.
First, the Democrats:
The Democrats are a right-wing party, although they are less so than the Republicans, and are the more left-wing of the two main parties. They generally want to promote government agencies in helping lower unemployment, help impoverished, repair the education system, and generally "fix" America's problems. This comes at a price however: higher taxes. The Democrats believe that America should be secure, but that that security should not infringe on the rights of Americans.
Second, the Republicans:
The Republicans are the more right-wing of the two main parties, believing that government should be small, and have little to do with the day-to-day lives of Americans. They believe that America's problems should be fixed - but that the private sector (for exaple, corporations and business) is the way for the problems to be fixed. Because of the lower government involvement, they also believe in lower taxes. The Republicans also believe in keeping America secure, but believe that it is necessary to infringe slightly on the freedoms of Americans to keep them safe.
The Libertarians next:
The Libertarians believe in even less government than the Republican Party. Their goal is to kep Americans free but secure, and believe in lowering taxes. They are extremely right-wing. For the Libertarians, the private sector should be able to take care of almost everything, and that the government should mainly exist to defend the country.
Last, the Communist Party (CPUSA):
CPUSA stands for communism. They believe that Americans today are not truly free, but are being controlled by the private sector. They believe in the destruction of the private sector, and that America's problems can only be solved by communism: that is, a classless society based on everyone owning everything. This leads to the government controlling the economy, which in turn leads to higher taxes.
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